The overall level of China's dairy industry depends on mechanization

Mechanization: 18 people easily manage 800 cows

“Before I raised 2 cows in my family, I was busy all day long, and the quality of milk was unstable, sometimes more and less.” Zhou Yingwei, a staff member of Zhongding Hongju Ranch in Ningjin County, Hebei Province, said that now we are so big. In the field, there are 800 cows, and 18 people can manage it, which is much easier than farming.

“We have basically realized the whole process of mechanized production here.” Ma Changsong, the farmer’s chief, said that he was walking with the reporter’s “from start to finish”. We first came to the Qingshui warehouse, and a savory scent came to the fore. The four-meter-long Qing dynasty was cut into sections by a green storage reclaimer from top to bottom, just like a cut cake. If you use the forklift to take the material directly, the uneven shovel will form a tooth shape, which greatly increases the contact area between the green storage corn and the air, which will cause secondary fermentation and even mold and deterioration. The green storage reclaimer can cut according to the amount of use and how much to eat.

The cut green corn and the yarrow, oats and concentrate are proportioned into feed. It is formulated by the dietitian according to the physique, yield and parity of the cow. It must also be ensured to ensure evenness of each cow. Balanced nutrition. At present, the fixed TMR (full mixed diet) feed preparation machine commonly used in dairy farms can be used by the tractor to carry out the spreading operation while the feed is evenly stirred, which greatly saves the labor of the feeding section.

The green storage and reclaimer and TMR feed preparation machine are the key equipment to ensure the quality of the feed. "Our field yesterday, the average output of cows will be nearly 32 kilograms." Ma Jiansong said that so many cattle rely on labor is definitely not squeezed, here is a side-by-side milking machine. It can milk 32 cows at the same time, and only 3 people can complete it in 8~15 minutes. When milking, it will go through a rigorous procedure to clean the dirt, disinfect the pro-medical bath, apply the protective film on the cup and the bath. This not only ensures the speed of milking, but also greatly reduces the contamination of the milk and the damage to the breasts of the cows. The milking machine has pipes connected to the cold row. After 30 seconds of heat exchange, the milk can be reduced from more than 20 degrees to about 10 degrees, and then sent to the refrigeration tank to drop to about 4 degrees, which can inhibit the proliferation of bacteria.

In the cowshed, the reporter saw a mechanical scraping board that was slowly moving. The distance of 150 meters should be scraped for more than 40 minutes, not too fast, otherwise it will hurt the cow's foot. A five-day shaving can guarantee the hygienic condition of the barn. The scraped cow dung is concentrated in the sedimentation tank. After the wet and dry separation, the cow dung becomes an organic fertilizer that is popular among farmers in the vicinity.

"Now raising cows is really different. The milk production is higher and the quality is better." Zhou Yingwei, who has been raising cows for more than 10 years, said that the main work is that the machines are dry, and every step has standards. There will be no problem with milk. In addition, the laboratory is equipped with a laboratory for protein, fat and antibiotics, Aspergillus flavus detection, you can always master the quality of milk.

Scale: Give full play to the subsidy effect of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies

The Hongju Ranch managed by Zhongding Animal Husbandry is a microcosm of China's current dairy production mode. The situation of “small and low” of dairy farming in China is accelerating. After the 'melamine' incident in 2008, the scale of large-scale farming of dairy cows in China has been greatly accelerated, and the degree of progress is very alarming. Large-scale pastures have become the mainstream of dairy production methods,” said Yang Yonghui, general manager of Zhongding Animal Husbandry Operations.

The "China Dairy Industry Quality Report (2016)" released on August 16 showed that the proportion of large-scale farming of more than 100 dairy cows in the year of 2015 reached 48.3%, an increase of 28.8 percentage points over 2008. 100% of scale farms implement mechanized milking, and more than 70% are equipped with TMR feed preparation machines.

This is the result of the joint efforts of the government and the market. “In order to ensure the quality of the milk source, the dairy industry has put forward rigid requirements for the production machinery and equipment of the dairy industry. If there is no TMR feed preparation machine and milking machine, the milk will not be collected.” Yang Yonghui said that because these two machinery decided The level of feeding of the cows, the health of the cows and the hygienic condition of the milking ensure the quality of the milk. And a domestic TMR mixer is about 300,000 yuan, and a milking machine is at least 2 million. Generally, small retailers and dairy cows can't afford it. In addition, since the second half of 2014, global raw milk supply has exceeded demand, milk prices have been falling, and milk prices have fallen below the production costs of small retail investors. Under the influence of this dual market factor, small retailers and farming communities have been eliminated in large numbers, and the number of milk stations has decreased from more than 20,000 in 2008 to 8,500.

“The government gives full play to the pulling effect of policy subsidies and grants various subsidies to large-scale pastures, especially the integration of animal husbandry machinery and milking machinery into the scope of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies.” Jin Hongwei, director of the inspection unit of the Agricultural Machinery Identification Station of the Ministry of Agriculture, said According to statistics, from 2009 to 2013, there were nearly 40,000 sets of four types of dairy machinery, including subsidized milking machinery, milk storage (refrigerated) tanks, full-mixage feed preparation machines, and dehumidifiers. The central subsidy fund exceeded 800 million. In 2011, the national animal husbandry machinery owned 6.377 million sets, an increase of 16.9% compared with the 5.453 million units in 2008, of which the milking machine has a total of 111,900 units, an increase of 68.02% compared with the 2008 total of 66,600 units. This has played an important role in promoting the construction of milk source bases, accelerating scale and standardized farming.

“In order to consolidate the mechanization results of dairy production, we timely proposed the upgrading, modification and maintenance of milking machine products to further improve the quality of milk sources. At the same time, we also launched the quality safety monitoring action of milking equipment in use.” Ministry of Agriculture Yi Kunxiu, chief engineer of the Agricultural Machinery Appraisal Station, said that in 2015, the total station had tested and evaluated the quality of the milking machine for more than 70 farms in the milk source base, and achieved good improvement results. This year, 41 farms in 11 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) were identified as quality and safety monitoring points for milking equipment in use, and 66 monitoring tasks for the pastures have been completed.

Standardization: The average value of fresh milk cells reaches EU standards

In the Junlebao Youzhi Pasture Milking Hall in Tongye Town, Luquan District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, the big screen scrolls in real time: cows produce 30.2 kg, milk index: fat 4.1%, protein 3.5%, body cells 75,000 , microorganism 7000cfu / ml. “The milk indicators of our pastures are better than the US, Japan and EU standards.” Hou Xinfeng, executive general manager of Junlebao Youzhi, said to reporters that this is mainly based on the standardization formed by scale and mechanization. We have here The breeding scale of 10,000 cattle is using a more advanced rotary milking machine and TMR feed preparation machine. One person can manage 50 to 80 cows, plus some information means to achieve modern standardized production. The quality is better.

There are 8 Jungles in the pastures like Youzhi. Relying on the good milk supply of its own pastures, Junlebao strictly follows the standard and optimizes the raw materials in the world (such as the whey powder of Ireland Kerry, the vitamin of DSM in the Netherlands), and the Chinese Nutrition Society to develop a suitable growth center for Chinese babies. The scientific formula required, in accordance with GMP production standards, and passed the EU BRC food technology standard A-level certification, known as "as much as the Olympics."

According to statistics, at present, the proportion of self-built and shareholding milk bases in China's dairy companies exceeds 20%.” Gao Hongbin, president of China Dairy Industry Association, pointed out in the speech of the 7th China Dairy Industry Conference that relying on scale and mechanization, China's dairy industry The degree of standardization of production has made a qualitative leap. In 2015, the pass rate of dairy products in the country reached 99.5%. The pass rate of illicit additives such as melamine remained 100% for 7 consecutive years. The average nutrient content of milk protein and milk fat in raw milk was average. The values ​​are higher than the national standard and higher than the US standard. The average value of somatic cells in the raw milk of the scale farm is lower than the EU limit value, and the average number of colonies is lower than the Australian limit value.

Among them, China's Yili, Mengniu, Guangming, Huishan, Modern Animal Husbandry, Feihe, Junlebao, Sanyuan and other dairy products are all in terms of technical equipment and facilities, as well as in organizational mode and quality control. It is comparable to the world dairy companies. At this year's World Food Quality Assessment Conference, Modern Dairy and Feihe Dairy once again won gold medals. Moreover, Modern Animal Husbandry has achieved three consecutive championships, and Feihe Infant Milk Powder is a gold medal.

(Original title: Mechanization helps China's dairy industry modernization)