In the past, the mine roadway was mainly used to measure the angle using the theodolite angle measurement and the steel ruler edge. With the advent of advanced measuring instruments, measurement work has also undergone great changes. At present, the total station has been widely used in ground measurement work, but its application has been limited due to the influence of downhole conditions. According to the use of the total station in the downhole measurement for several years, I have mastered certain measurement methods and techniques, and now I communicate and communicate with you. 1 Characteristics of downhole measurement Downhole measurements are affected by the environment and have many differences from ground measurements. The main features are: (1) The main object of downhole measurement is the main roadway. Its main task is to determine the plane position and elevation of the roadway, the diverticulum and the working face, and provide data and drawings for mine construction and safe production; (2) The way of measuring underground mine roadway is mainly wire measurement. The layout of wire is generally closed wire, conforming to wire and branch wire. However, in the construction measurement of underground roadway, it is generally dominated by branch wire. When the roadway is connected, joint test is carried out. Only when the wire is closed or the wire is compliant; (3) In the roadway measurement, the working environment is dark, humid, and the field of view is narrow. There are many pedestrians and mines, and there are various pipeline obstacles in the roadway. These factors will have certain impact on the measurement work; (4) The measurement accuracy of underground roadway is very high. In the measurement of downhole plane control and the measurement of underground tunnel roadway, the accuracy of wire measurement will have a direct impact on determining the relationship between new and old roadways and goafs, and the penetration of roadways. It also plays an important role in the safe production and rescue and relief work of mines; (5) The method of measuring the downhole wire generally adopts the measurement method of “before and afterâ€, and the wire points are generally arranged on the top plate of the roadway, and the centering measurement is performed on the hanging wire of the point number. 2 characteristics of the total station The total station instrument, also known as the electronic speed measuring instrument, integrates the measuring angle side into one, and is automatically controlled by the microprocessor to measure and measure the angle, automatically calculate the horizontal distance, height difference and coordinates, etc., and can also carry out construction stocking. Automatic data recording, extremely convenient to use, it can do almost all the work done by conventional measuring instruments. The total station works like a traditional theodolite, but he has the following features: (1) You can measure the horizontal and angular vertical angles and slant distances by measuring the prisms at a time, calculate the plane coordinates and elevation of the measuring points, and record the measured and calculated data. (2) Data communication between the total station and the computer or other peripheral devices can be realized by the host computer of the total station or the standard communication port of the electronic handbook, so that the acquisition, management and computer drawing of the measurement data form a complete automated measurement system. (3) Using the microprocessor of the total station to control the measurement and calculation of the total station, and the corresponding application software can realize the calculation tasks of wire measurement, front and rear intersection, ankle measurement and construction stakeout. (4) There is a two-axis compensation system inside the total station, which can automatically measure the tilt error of the vertical and horizontal axes of the instrument and correct the angle observation. 3 Application of total station in downhole measurement (1) Four methods of transmission in the underground, three methods of conductor measurement In the measurement of downhole plane control, in order to improve the accuracy of control measurement, 7"-level wire measurement is generally carried out. In the past measurement process, the measurement method of the theodolite angle measurement and the steel ruler edge is used, and some long sides are used. In terms of measuring distance, in order to ensure the accuracy of the span, it is necessary to divide the edge into several segments, and several people need to cooperate at the same time, and measure a certain segment multiple times, and also correct the steel rule. , temperature correction, length correction, etc. want to correct, which is time-consuming and laborious, the correction efficiency is extremely low, and its accuracy can not be well guaranteed. In the underground plane control measurement, if the total station measurement is used, the accuracy is also obtained. The guarantee is also improved, and the work efficiency is also improved. In addition, four methods are used for transmission, and three methods are used to measure the wires (the so-called "four-way transmission, three-way measurement", which is the normal three-frame measurement, and one additional tripod. Always leveling in the front), saving the time after the observation of the station is completed, the rear view leg is moved to the front view point and then the centering is performed, which speeds up the measurement and improves the work. Efficiency, this method is suitable for measurement work with a relatively large scale of wire measurement. (2) Two normal traverse measurements in the well Two methods are used to measure the traverse in the underground. The method is similar to the three methods, except that the rear view does not use the leg, but the hanging wire is used instead. The front view still uses the leg supporting mirror to measure. This method is applicable to the workload. Small wire measurements, and front and back views must have wire points. (At present, our Ma On Bridge mining site uses this method to measure the flat road in the pit). (3) Measurement of the next method of the traverse of the well The underground roadway is gradually gradually gradual. Therefore, only the branch conductor can be laid in the initial measurement process of the downhole conductor, and it can only be forwarded one station at a time. Every time the initial test work of the roadway, the workload is not large, generally measuring 1-2 stations, in the calibration of a set of middle waistline. This kind of work is measured in the underground using the total station, so there is no need to measure multiple methods, but the total station can be used as the theodolite plus range finder. Since the downhole wire points are all arranged on the roof of the roadway, the front view can be reflected. The mirror is hung upside down on the top measuring line to measure. When the horizontal comparison is made, the hanging rope is first aimed at the measurement. When the horizontal angle measurement is completed, the mirror is aimed at the distance and the vertical angle. Because the mirror is swayed, due to the swing of the wire rope, the observation accuracy of the sight mirror is not high when the instrument observes the horizontal angle, and the horizontal angle measurement error is transitive during the wire measurement process, so the aiming suspension wire can The accuracy of the horizontal angle observation is ensured. When the aiming mirror is used for distance and vertical angle measurement, although the mirror has a swing, the accuracy can reach the initial measurement accuracy of the downhole wire. This method was used when the mine needed to retest the roadway as early as 2007. The instrument used at that time was a DJ2′′ optical theodolite and a photoelectric range finder. (4) Total station observation data record In the data recording, the recording image can be recorded by the theodolite measuring wire, horizontal angle, vertical angle, slant distance or horizontal angle, horizontal distance, height difference. When recording data, you can also use the total station automatic storage function to record data. When conducting the traverse measurement, build the project for the observation, and let the data be automatically stored. However, this recording method can not use the instrument during the observation process. There are certain defects in the observation method before and after. Total station observation data records are generally not used in mine measurements. (5) Other functional applications of the total station The total station has the function of performing coordinate calculation and back calculation. In the downhole roadway door control and some engineering calibration work, it is very convenient to use this function to solve some measurement techniques in the underground. When the door is dialed to the line, the function of the total station can be used to input the rear view side orientation, and the horizontal angle of the instrument can be dialed to the design direction of the roadway for the line, so that the manual calculation of the dialing angle can be omitted, and the dialing angle is ensured. Sexuality improves work efficiency. 4 Considerations for using the total station in the underground (1) The total station performs photoelectric ranging. When the ranging constant is corrected, the different mirrors have different constants. When making measurements, always check whether the constant correction matches the mirror used. (The Suzhou Yiguang RTS630 total station used in mines has a constant of 0 when using a single prism and a time constant of -30 when using a prism.) (2) When using the record book, when recording the distance, it is necessary to see whether the displayed distance is a horizontal distance or a slant distance. (3) Work in a humid environment. At the end of the work, use a soft cloth to dry the moisture and dust on the surface of the instrument and then pack it. When the instrument â‘· erected on a tripod, as a tripod with a wooden, metal used as a tripod may vibrate, thus affecting the measurement accuracy. (5) Before moving the station, check whether the connection between the instrument and the stand is firm. When transporting, the brake screw should be slightly closed to prevent the instrument from shaking during the moving process. Repeatability and precision are absolute requirements of any modern production process. Early designs of production and fabrication machines had some form of a control system to automate the process and ensure repeatability and precision. 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