Throttle position Sensor is also known as the throttle opening sensor or throttle switch. Its main function is to detect that the engine is at idle speed condition or load conditions, the working condition to speed up or slow down.
The sensor is usually located on the butterfly spindle/shaft so that it can directly monitor the position of the throttle. More advanced forms of the sensor are also used, for example an extra closed throttle position sensor (CTPS) may be employed to indicate that the throttle is completely closed.
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According to the French research institute Yole, in the LED lighting patent, the patent concerning LED phosphor is the most fundamental and therefore the most influential.
In the mid-1990s, Nichia's researcher Shuji Nakamura and Professor Akasaki of Nagoya University in Japan jointly developed the first commercial GaN (gallium nitride)-based blue LED. Soon, some basic use of blue LED combined with phosphor generation The white LED patents were submitted by Nichia, Osram, ATMI and other companies. Then, by 2005, more and more companies were opening up competition in the LED industry, and these basic patents were quickly sought after by more and more applications, such as mobile phones, notebook computers, LCD TV displays, and general lighting. .
The intellectual property of phosphors is an important force in the LED industry. There are as many as 40 lawsuits related to it. Hundreds of companies are involved in the intellectual property of LED phosphors, and most of them will list the top assignee of patents. However, independent phosphor manufacturers, such as Intematix and Mitsubishi, are becoming major players in the intellectual property of LED phosphors.
Today, high-performance silicates have been widely used as replacements for YAG, and the focus of new portfolio development and patent protection has shifted to red and green converters. The market for new phosphors and some of the most critical intellectual property rights are currently dominated by Mitsubishi and Denka, which have obtained licenses for nitrides and oxynitrides from NIMS (National Institute of Materials Science, Japan).
However, many other companies are also developing nitrides and nitrogen oxides, including Intematix, Beijing Yuji and Lightscape (now Dow Electronic Materials). The new material family is also seen as a promising phosphor, including tungstates, molybdates, and fluorides promoted by GE.
According to Yole analysis, quantum dots have finally become a reliable option based on recent advances in thermal stability and manufacturability. In the lighting industry, the use of red quantum dots in combination with standard phosphors may be found in remote phosphor applications.