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In recent years, many countries’ energy strategies have a clear policy orientation—encouraging the development of new energy sources. This is due to the high prices of oil and other energy products in the international market and the objective need for sustainable human development.
New energy development and utilization are not new topics. The oil crisis of the 1970s had ignited the enthusiasm of the international community for the development of new energy sources. In recent years, the price of petroleum has gradually increased, which has strengthened the determination of all countries to develop new energy sources. High oil prices have become an important factor influencing the world economy. In the geopolitics of energy, the oil factor has been unprecedentedly emphasized. Countries that rely heavily on external energy sources are increasingly actively developing new energy sources and ensuring their own development through the diversification of energy supply.
Excluding the high oil price factor, the economic development model of human society over-reliance on fossil fuels also needs reform. This is first and foremost because fossil fuels are non-renewable energy and they are finally exhausted. Second, greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide emitted from the use of fossil fuels have accelerated climate change. If this trend is not reversed, the human living environment will Deteriorating.
Britain attaches great importance to nuclear energy and wind energy British Prime Minister Gordon Brown once said in July that the nuclear power plant in the British controversy issue on the issue, said that the number of nuclear power construction "without cap". This move is considered to be Brown's major measure of trying to make the United Kingdom less dependent on oil for energy in the context of rising oil prices. This means that the United Kingdom will encourage private enterprises to build nuclear power plants. Nuclear power, which accounts for 20% of the country’s current energy requirements, will increase significantly in the next 15 years.
The United Kingdom currently has 10 nuclear reactors for power generation. In the next 15 years, the useful life of 14 of them will expire. For this reason, Brown called for vigorous development of renewable energy such as nuclear power and wind power in the “post-oil economy†era. He hopes to build at least eight more nuclear reactors before the end of their useful life. It is predicted that the new nuclear reactor will begin to operate in 2017.
In respect of wind energy, the United Kingdom has regarded the North Sea as a “bay of the future†with a view to vigorously developing wind energy. The British authorities decided to build the largest wind farm in Europe to meet the electricity demand of 320,000 families. The power station will install 152 turbine generators, and the project investment is about 600 million pounds (1 pound is about 2 dollars). In addition, tidal power has become another focus of the development of new energy in the UK. In recent years, at the annual Aberdeen Energy Conference, a variety of tidal power generation equipment has become a major concern for exhibitors.
Egypt's preferred energy for developing new energy sources Egypt's Minister of Electricity and Energy Hassan Younis said in July this year that Egypt has formulated a long-term energy strategy that will further increase the proportion of new energy sources in Egyptian energy supply. The specific target is to make new energy sources by 2020. Achieve 20% of total energy supply in Egypt. At present, this ratio is 13.8%.
Taking into account factors such as technology and feasibility, the first choice for developing new energy in Egypt is nuclear power.
Egypt had a long history of nuclear technology research. As early as the 1950s, Egypt began to conduct small-scale nuclear technology research, but it does not currently have nuclear power plants. In October 2007, Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak announced the official launch of the plan for the peaceful use of nuclear power. In the coming years, Egypt will prepare several nuclear power plants to meet the country’s growing energy needs.
In May of this year, Egypt began to evaluate the tender documents of 21 international companies on the construction of the first nuclear power plant in Egypt. It is reported that Egypt's first nuclear power plant is proposed to be built in the small port town of Debba near the Mediterranean city of Alexandria. It is estimated that it will take 5 to 8 years to complete. At that time, its power generation will account for 3.5% of the total power generation in Egypt. Experts predict that Egypt will need to build at least four more nuclear power plants before nuclear power can generate 10% to 15% of its total power generation capacity.
In addition to nuclear energy, Egypt also attaches great importance to the development and utilization of new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy.
Many places in the Red Sea coast of Egypt and the Gulf of Suez have the advantage of developing wind energy and can build wind power stations. Egypt plans to make wind power generation account for about 3% of Egypt’s total energy supply by 2010. In the use of solar energy, relevant Egyptian authorities are also speeding up the pace of R&D in order to make full use of Egypt’s abundant solar energy resources as soon as possible.
The scale of biomass energy production in Sweden From 1990 to 2007, while the economy grew by 48%, greenhouse gas emissions decreased by 9%. Biomass energy is now used in Sweden to form a model of university research, government support, and corporate operations.
As one of the countries with a high utilization rate of renewable energy in the world, Sweden’s renewable energy use accounted for 53.6% of its total energy consumption in 2007, and the proportion of biomass energy in Swedish national energy supply from 1970. 9% increased to 20% in 2006. In the city of Linkoping in the southwestern part of Stockholm, taxis and buses mostly bear the eye-catching green “biofuel†word, and the city of Gothiclan where the city is located is the Swedish Science and Technology Agency, Linkoping municipal government and the East The Provincial Highway Bureau of Turin jointly builds a typical area of ​​commercial production and utilization of biomass energy.
As early as the early 1990s, relying on the scientific research results of the Department of Industrial Environment at Linköping University, the province of Gotanda began to vigorously promote the production and use of biomass. Biogas International Co., Ltd., which is affiliated with the Swedish Science and Technology Agency, is the core enterprise that produces biomass energy in this large region. They use wood processing waste and domestic waste in the area as their main raw materials, committing themselves to biofuel production and cogeneration, forming a complete industrial chain that not only uses the trees to their fullest extent, but also creates considerable economic and ecological benefits. . In the long and cold Northern Europe in winter, biomass energy has gradually become the preferred fuel for local residents and municipal heating.
Actively developing new energy sources can not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions, contribute to climate change mitigation, but also reduce the dependence of human development on fossil energy. Some emerging economies, such as the United States, Japan, and Europe, as well as some emerging economies such as Brazil, have gradually established a complete system including strategic planning, laws and regulations, and management systems to achieve the scale, depth, and sustainability of new energy use. , take steps on this path.
New energy development in various countries
According to the latest report from the UN Environment Programme, the total investment in the clean energy sector in all countries in the world in 2007 was 60% higher than that in 2006, exceeding US$148 billion. It is expected that it will reach US$450 billion by 2012 and US$600 billion by 2020. The report pointed out that the continuous increase in investment in clean energy has fully demonstrated the attention of countries to energy security.