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Grinding machine working principle
As shown in Fig. 1, the raw material is ground through a hollow journal 1 into a hollow cylinder 3 having end caps 2 and 4 at both ends thereof. The cylinder is filled with grinding media of various diameters (steel balls, steel bars or gravels, etc.). When the cylinder rotates around the horizontal axis at a certain rotation speed, the medium and the raw materials contained in the cylinder are separated from the cylinder body by the centrifugal force and the friction force, and when the gravity of the cylinder reaches a certain height, when their own gravity is greater than the centrifugal force. Wall throwing drops or rolls down, crushing the ore due to impact. At the same time, during the grinding and turning process, the sliding movement of the grinding media to each other also produces a grinding effect on the raw materials. The ground material is discharged through the hollow journal 5 . As the material is continuously fed, the pressure causes the material in the cylinder to move from the feed end to the discharge end. During wet grinding, the material is carried away by the water flow; during dry grinding, the material is taken away by the airflow drawn out of the cylinder.
In the mill, the height at which the ground media is lifted and the trajectory of the drop are related to the cylinder speed, the number of media, and the type of liner. Under normal circumstances, according to the grinding machine cylinder speed from low to high, the medium motion state can be divided into three types (Figure 2):
(1) Laxative state (Fig. 2). The mill produces a sloping motion state at low speeds, and the material is mainly crushed by crushing and grinding action when the media slides against each other. Rod mills and tube mills generally operate under this state of motion.
(2) Falling state (Fig. 2b). When the mill runs at a higher speed, it produces a throwing motion state. At this time, the grinding process is dominated by impact, and the grinding is second. Ball mills generally work in this state of motion.
(3) Centrifugal state (Fig. 2c). When the cylinder rotation speed is increased to a certain limit value, that is, when the critical speed is reached or exceeded, all the medium rotates with the cylinder without falling, which is called the centrifugal motion state of the medium. In the case of centrifugation, no grinding is generally produced. Therefore, the ordinary mill works in this state.