"Gravity Die Casting. A permanent mould casting process, where the molten metal is poured from a vessle of ladle into the mould, and cavity fills with no force other than gravity, in a similar manner to the production of sand castings, although filling cn be controlled by tilting the die."
Sometimes referred to as Permanent Mould, GDC is a repeatable casting process used for non-ferrous alloy parts, typically aluminium, Zinc and Copper Base alloys.
The process differs from HPDC in that Gravity- rather than high pressure- is used to fill the mould with the liquid alloy.
GDC is suited to medium to high volumes products and typically parts are of a heavier sections than HPDC, but thinner sections than sand casting.
There are three key stages in the process.
Advantages
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Before the long-awaited fall of the "State III Lijian", domestic heavy truck companies such as Liberation, Dongfeng, Shaanxi Auto, Auman and Hongyan have already made plans for success because they already hold the magic weapon of electronically controlled common rail technology for the future. The market is also full of confidence. However, all this has been broken with the “turning out of the world†of China Heavy-duty in-line pump + EGR engine.
(1) If it is not its sudden appearance, domestic heavy-duty truck companies could have been able to "transition without incident" to the era of State III; if it weren't, they would have been able to raise the price by more than 20,000 yuan per vehicle to "being unstoppable." Pass on increased costs.
Before the long-awaited fall of the "State III Lijian", domestic heavy truck companies such as Liberation, Dongfeng, Shaanxi Auto, Auman and Hongyan have already made plans for success because they already hold the magic weapon of electronically controlled common rail technology for the future. The market is also full of confidence.
However, all this has been broken with the “turning out of the world†of China Heavy-duty in-line pump + EGR engine.
In the market, China National Heavy Duty Truck Group, which is fighting alone, is using EGR's unique stunt to make a leap, attacking the dominant market structure of common rail, and carrying cost advantages to stifle market areas of other heavy truck companies.
Report from the State Line III
Are EGR and common rails a good family? At least for now, this is the case in the Chinese market.
One is the advanced "world" creation, the other is the "China" creation that has just been released; one is "mainstream" and the other is "appropriate". This made some of the Chinese heavy truck market that has just entered the era of the State III "have".
The EGR mentioned here is actually based on China National Heavy Duty Truck Group II mechanical pump. It uses an electromagnet to control the rack and outlet valve of the mechanical pump, making a simple electronic control injection pump plus an EGR exhaust gas reprocessing system to reduce exhaust gas. Emissions, the accurate statement is "in-line pump + EGR technology", China National Heavy Duty Truck unique, 14,000 yuan price advantage of a large share of the "common rail" large-scale country's posture.
But is this technology mature? Is it reliable? The doubters believe that the in-line pump + EGR technology only improves the dynamics and economy as well as the driving performance of the vehicle, eventually leading to a reduction in emissions, while the rise in another emission, which is the drilling of the current national policy The "vulnerability" does not really meet the National III emission standards.
In favor of in-line pumps and EGR technicians believe that the key parts of the engine common rail system are mainly from Japan's Denso, Germany's Bosch and other multinational companies. Because the foreign supply capacity of these enterprises can not meet the huge matching demand of the electronically controlled fuel supply system in the full implementation of the current Chinese market III, the emergence of in-line pump + EGR technology can solve the curse of the international monopoly of monorail technology.
In fact, prior to the formal implementation of the National III Standard on July 1, the dispute over the realization of the State III technical route has already filled the industry. In July and August, two major news releases of the “News Broadcasting†even pushed this debate to the top.
On July 7th, CCTV News Broadcast broadcasted Weichai's report under the title of “Weichai Holdings: Integrating Innovation to Improve the Core Competence of Enterprisesâ€. The first sentence was “The second 10,000th Lanqing engine was in Weichai Holding Group. Co., Ltd. is off the assembly line. This is the first new emission standard that has just been implemented on July 1, and it will be the first engine to meet the standard for mass production."
On August 4, CCTV News Network aired on the headline “China Heavy Duty Truck: Relying on Invention and Innovation among the Top Five Heavy Truck Manufacturers in the Worldâ€, and “Half an Hour in Economy†and “Economic Information Network†also successively carried out heavy-duty trucks. Full coverage.
"This is not a struggle on the technical route, but a battle for the future market and the actual interests." Experts in the industry are right.
Will the battle of technological routes lead to market chaos? Is EGR really invisible secret? Will common rails, which dominate the world environmental protection market, meet Waterloo in China? In August 2008, an unannounced visit to the State III line quietly kicked off across the country. The investigation of "Car Watch" centered on the situation of the heavy vehicle market after the implementation of State III in consumers, distributors, service stations and enterprises. The survey covers 10 cities including Hebei, Beijing, Tangshan, Hohhot, Xi'an, Shenyang, Gansu, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Kunming.
Part I: User Survey
Sample size: 100
Survey methods: street visits, telephone interviews.
1. Do you know that the implementation of the State III standard on July 1st?
A knows 89%; B didn't hear 11%
2. Do you know EGR and common rail?
A knows 11%; B doesn't know 89%;
3. Has the implementation of State III changed your plan for buying a car?
A is 80%; B does not change 20%
4. What are the most important factors for your car purchase in turn (choose three items)?
A brand 50%; B car cost 74%; C use cost 55%; D dynamic 50%; E fuel consumption 56%%; F emissions 13%; G easy maintenance 41%; other 1%
5. How does the sales staff introduce you to the advantages of the car?
A environmental protection 50%; B cheap 90%; C can adjust 0; D fuel economy 80%; E other 30%
According to the survey, most users purchase cars ahead of the implementation of State III regulations. The main reason is that they are afraid of the high prices of the State III cars and the procedures are in trouble. Even some advance payments have not mentioned the current car, for example, in Jixian, Tianjin. There is such a situation.
In the survey, most of the factors considered by the major trucks in terms of importance are: price, quality reputation, fuel consumption, maintenance cost, power, and brand. However, it does not care whether it is a national III emission or whether it is environmentally friendly, and it will not understand what kind of technical route the engine emission technology adopts. This is also the reason why EGR can quickly open the market. In addition, the high demand of the common rail technology and the increase in the difficulty factor for maintenance will also bias consumers toward EGR.
Most car owners who pay more attention to the brand have a second car. They usually look at their own car to buy a car, and the first time the owner of the car is often introduced by friends, the common feature of the performance is to buy a car mostly in his hometown, dealers are mostly hometown people. The most important reason they bought the more costly Common Rail III cars was "a reliable brand and a good reputation."
The preferred factor for distributors to impress consumers is price, which is of particular concern for engines that affect prices and dynamics. All interviewed users stated that they had never heard of EGR adjustment.
For users who have purchased the National III common rail car, most of them believe that the quality of oil products in the country is uneven, and many countries are unable to meet the National III standard. Adding unqualified oil is very worrying about damaging vehicles. In addition, maintenance inconveniences also exist in large numbers.
Part II: Investigation of Enterprises, Distributors, and Maintenance Stations:
Sampling range: China's major truck companies and their dealers, repair stations
1. Are sales affected by State III in July?
A is affected and the impact is large 85%; B is not affected by 15%; is not affected 0
2. What are the proportions of the State III upgrades that are equipped with technologies such as EGR and common rail?
A EGR; B common rail; C, other
3. Do you know the difference between EGR and common rail?
A knows 95%; B knows some 5%; C didn't hear 0
4. How do you know the difference between EGR and common rail (dealer, repair station)?
A manufacturer training 90%; B media promotion 10%;
5. In the training of (Heavy-truck) manufacturers, has it been mentioned that EGR can change the state of the vehicle through adjustment?
A did not hear 99%; B said 1%
6. When the salesperson introduces the product to the user, what are the three highlights of the product?
A car purchase cost 50%; B use cost 65%; C power 55%; D fuel consumption 50%; E discharge 50%; F easy maintenance 25%
7. Confidence that the country further strengthens the implementation of State III supervision mechanism?
A strict supervision of 15%; B is generally 65%; C loose 20%
8. Does the company have any plans for EGR?
A is 70%; B is not 10%; C is not considered good 20%
9. If there is a product that is priced at around RMB 5,000 cheaper than a common rail and can reach State III, will the company consider using this technology?
A is 20%; B is 65%; C is definitely not 15%
In this group of surveys, the reporter’s most difficult visit was about sales figures and proportions of EGR and common rail, and most of the respondents only stated that EGR sold slightly more than common rail. Although China National Heavy Duty Truck EGR and common-rail technology products are sold at the same time, EGR accounts for more than 90% of sales. In Beijing, due to the Olympic Games traffic restrictions, it is not until September that EGR products can be sold.
Since the regulations have just been implemented for more than a month, most manufacturers are taking a wait-and-see attitude toward the future market. They said that if the market continues to regard price as the first choice and EGR does not find any more problems after a period of use, they will consider EGR.
A small number of manufacturers have a clear-cut attitude and must adhere to the most advanced technologies in the world. They showed skepticism about law enforcement. In their view, EGR is only a transitional product and will soon be eliminated once the country strengthens its enforcement.
It is worth noting that in a heavy-duty truck dealer and a comprehensive maintenance shop, we heard this message: EGR can be adjusted, through adjustment, on the one hand to avoid corrosion damage caused by the use of EGR valve in the long-term use, another In terms of fuel economy, the environmental impact of vehicles will be reduced. This statement was not confirmed by reporters at other vendors and repair stations.
Due to the time constraints and the limitations of the survey itself, we can only provide the above data. However, some cases during the investigation seem to be more interesting. Even when different consumers use the same technology, they feel the opposite.
View related topics: State III standard commercial vehicle companies usher in new challenges
Gravity Die Casting