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Inhibition and inhibitor of gangue minerals in molybdenum ore - influence and removal of muddy gangue
Finely dispersed clay minerals, with very fine particle size (usually several micrometers or even less than 1 μm), high specific surface area (up to tens or even hundreds of m 2 /g), strong ion exchange capacity, become molybdenum Another type of mine flotation is difficult to suppress the gangue.
Clay minerals are mostly layered silicates, and their structural comparison is shown in Figure 1. They consist of two basic monolayers of silicon oxytetrahedron and magnesium (or aluminum )-oxygen (or oxyhydrogen) octahedron (brucite). Can be divided into two or three layers. According to the 1972 International Clay Association and the 1975 Japanese Clay Association classification, see Table 1. Among them, kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, chlorite are more common, and sepiolite is less common.
Figure 1 Classification and side view of layered silicate
Table 1 Classification of clay minerals
crystal
quality
Structural unit layer type
Interlayer charge
Family
Molecular formula
Species
1:1 layer
x=0
Kaolinite halloysite (multi-water kaolinite)
Al 4 [Si 4 O 10 ][OH] 8
Kaolinite, Decaishi, pearl clay
Al 4 [Si 4 O 10 ]
[OH] 8 4H 2 O
Eloline, changed to halloysite
2:1 layered
2:1:1 layered
0.25<x<0.5
Montmorillonite
(Al 2 Mg 3 )[Si 4 O 10 ][OH] 2 nH 2 O
Montmorillonite, beray, beryl, soapstone
X-1
Illite (water mica )
KAl 2 [(SiAl) 4 O 10 ][OH] 2 nH 2 O
Illite, sea green stone
x indefinite
Chlorite
(Mg, Al, Fe) 12 [(Si,Al) 8 O 20 ][OH] 6
Various chlorite
Mixed layer
Ordered
Illite-montmorillonite combination, chlorite-montmorillonite combination
Disorder
Illite-montmorillonite combination, illite-chlorite combination, illite-montmorillonite-chlorite combination
2:1 chain
x~0.2
Sepiolite
Sepiolite, attapulgite, attapulgite
Amorphous
Aluminium
From the molecular formula in the table or the following differential thermal curve (Figure 2 ~ Figure 6) dehydration weight loss curve is not difficult to see, clay minerals not only contain structural water (must be removed at 100 ~ 150 ° C) also contains interlayer adsorption water (only in Can be removed above 400 °C). [next]
Kaolinite is a curved two-layered silicate. According to Forslind and Jacobssen, the kaolin structure is shown in Figure 7. Simple kaolinite has only structured water and no inter-layer adsorbed water. The halloysite containing water adsorbed between the layers is called halloysite, which is similar to the kaolin structure.
The montmorillonite is also called bentonite because it is easy to adsorb water after the layer. A three-layered silicate which forms Si—O/Al (Mg)—OH/Si—O by replacing Al 3+ in pyrophyllite with Mg 2+ . The Mg 2+ and Al 3+ electricity prices are different. When the sandwich layer is not electrically neutral, it must be bonded by cations. The distance between the interlayer and the neutralized cation is large, the electrostatic force is weak, and water easily penetrates into the single layer. According to the 1975 report by Fosterind and Jackson, the structure of montmorillonite is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 2 Kaolinite differential heat curve (RE Grim)
Figure 3 Kaolinite dehydration weight loss curve (according to Ross and Kyle)
Figure 4 montmorillonite differential heat curve
[next]
Figure 5 illite differential heat curve (according to Grim)
Figure 6 illite dehydration curve (according to Grim)
Figure 7 Kaolinite structure
Figure 8 Two conceptual variants of smectite structure
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The chlorite chemical formula is Y 6 [Z 8 O 20 ](OH) 4 +Y 6 (OH) 12 , wherein Y is mainly Mg, Fe, Al, and sometimes a small amount of Mn, Cr, Ni, Ti, and the like. Z is mainly Si and Al. Substitution of the same type of image makes the chlorite change extremely complicated. Chlorite is usually written as (Mg, A1, Fe) 12 [(Si, Al) 8 O 20 ] (OH) 16 , whose structure consists of a 2:1 layer of talc and a brucite layer 2:1:1 Layered structure. See Figure 9.
Figure 9 chlorite crystal projection on the (010) plane
It can be seen from Table 1 that these minerals are also interspersed or disorderly interspersed to form a mixed layer, which makes the muddy gangue more complicated.
The surface of the flaky mudstone is often negatively charged, while the ribs are often positively charged. Various ions (cations or anions) are adsorbed in the surrounding medium, while a corresponding amount of other ions are released for ion exchange. Among several minerals, montmorillonite has the strongest ion exchange capacity, followed by illite (water mica) and kaolinite. The ion exchange performance makes the muddy gangue more difficult to remove in the molybdenite flotation.
The effect of muddy gangue on the flotation of molybdenum ore is multifaceted, and is mainly reflected in the agglomeration between the slime cover of the coarse-grain molybdenum ore and the fine-grained molybdenum ore.
The slime cover can be used as a carrier to bring a large amount of gangue into the molybdenum concentrate (according to AD see Figure 10). The quality of the molybdenum concentrate is reduced; the molybdenum ore is also prevented from floating due to the pollution of the gangue mud (see Figure 11 according to the Laskoski schematic), and the molybdenite recovery rate is reduced.
Figure 10 Molybdenite carrier carrying muddy gangue
Figure 11 The slime cover prevents the molybdenum ore from rising
(Laskowski Laskowski's notation)
For the effect of slime, the study of Fuerstenau believes that the mud that is not charged or opposite to the charge of the floating mineral is the most harmful. For fine-grained molybdenum ore, the specific surface area is large, and the number of negatively charged "ribs" increases significantly. At this time, when the medium contains flaky muddy gangue, the surface of the gangue mud is often negatively charged, and the ribs are positively charged, and the adsorption of the two oppositely charged "ribs" causes the agglomeration of the slime. This will have a serious impact on the recovery and grade of molybdenum ore flotation. [next]
The effect of several gangue mud on molybdenum ore flotation is shown in Figure 12~17. Obviously, the easily inhibited quartz slime has the least impact on the molybdenum ore, and the sericite has an effect but has little effect. Clay-like kaolinite, montmorillonite, chlorite, etc. are similar to the easy-floating gangue talc, which greatly interferes with the molybdenum ore flotation recovery rate and grade.
Molybdenum ore flotation, muddy gangue often coexist with other easy-floating gangue, such as talc, and several clay minerals often appear at the same time. At this point, it is quite difficult to obtain qualified molybdenum concentrate or higher molybdenum recovery.
Figure 12 Effect of quartz mud on molybdenum ore flotation
Figure 13 Effect of sericite mud on flotation of molybdenum ore
Figure 14 Effect of kaolin mud on flotation of molybdenum ore
Figure 15 Effect of montmorillonite mud on molybdenum ore flotation
[next]
Figure 16 Effect of pine oil foaming agent on gasification and adhesion of clay minerals
Figure 17 Comparison of the influence of gangue mud on molybdenum ore flotation
The production of the former Soviet Union Balhash found that the mudstone gangue had a great influence on the molybdenum flotation. The order of influence: sericite <kaolinite<jellowstone, and quartz has almost no effect. They consume large amounts of collectors and do not selectively flocculate. Kaolinites contain 50% water and gums up to 70%. The viscosity of the slurry is increased, and even the amount of air inhalation is significantly reduced.
In order to improve the physical properties of the slurry, Barhash invested in granulated quartz, granite and other gangue, which improved the quality and recovery rate of copper- molybdenum stick flotation. The addition of ammonium sulfate, aluminum sulfate and zinc sulfate to the flotation circuit also improves the flotation effect. Balhas also designed a new low-surface ball mill to reduce the mud of the ore.
To prevent the application of muddy gangue is still mud and sand sorting process:
In Peru, Kuaqiong classifies the coarsely ground slurry by mud and sand, and then grades it separately for coarse and sweeping. In this way, the interference of the undesired slime to the easy-to-select coarse-grain level is prevented, and the difficult processing of the slime is also facilitated. There are many factories in Central America that use mud, sand grading and rough selection. The concentrates obtained by flotation are combined and selected.
The US Quastar Molybdenum Plant contains a portion of mudstone gangue in the middle mine (sweeping foam) and contains some molybdenum oxide minerals. To prevent interference from difficult materials to easy materials. The middle mine did not return to the rough selection and set up a separate mine selection circuit.
When the muddy gangue coexists with the easy-flowing gangue such as talc, the muddy gangue can be removed when the talc is removed.
U.S. silver bell Cu - Mo beneficiation plant is fired in the Cu - Mo mixed concentrate the molybdenite be naturally suppressed. After adding the foaming agent to the baking sand, the talc and the muddy gangue can be floated into the foam product and removed.
When the particle size of the molybdenum ore and other valuable components differs greatly from the size of the muddy gangue (ie, the useful mineral is rarely over-ground), the de-sludge process can be directly used to remove the muddy gangue.
The interference of muddy gangue on molybdenum beneficiation varies depending on the content of mudstone and minerals. In production, it should be treated with caution, and a more reasonable plan should be selected through research.