Feldspar rich in potassium, sodium, alkali metal, a lower melting temperature (1100 ~ 1200 ℃), melting at longer intervals, a strong flux and high chemical stability, is widely used in glass Industries such as ceramics, such as glass flux, ceramic green body glaze, enamel raw materials, etc. Another feldspar can be used as an abrasive, potassium feldspar can be used as a high-quality raw material for extracting potassium fertilizer. Limited high-quality natural feldspar resources, most of feldspar are low quality feldspar, and to be removed gangue minerals beneficiation by harmful impurities. At present, the high-grade products in the ceramic industry are increasingly demanding the quality of feldspar, especially the iron- titanium content and gangue content, which puts higher requirements on the processing of feldspar. More applications in the mineral processing process include magnetic separation, flotation, magnetic-floating and other joint processes. Magnetic separation has a certain magnetic property due to iron minerals, biotite , amphibole and tourmaline in feldspar, so it can be separated from feldspar under the action of an external magnetic field. Generally, such minerals in feldspar are weak in magnetic properties, and only strong magnetic separation equipment can achieve better sorting effects. Magnetic separation equipment At present, the domestic magnetic separation equipment for feldspar iron removal mainly includes: permanent magnet roller type strong magnetic separator, permanent magnet barrel medium strong magnetic field magnetic separator, electromagnetic flat ring strong magnetic separator, electromagnetic induction roller type strong magnetic Machine selection, high gradient magnetic separator and superconducting magnetic separator. According to the process flow and material properties, the principle of selecting magnetic separation equipment is generally as follows: (1) The permanent magnet magnetic separator is preferred, but the electromagnetic magnetic separation equipment is considered in the case of high quality requirements or permanent magnet magnetic separation equipment; Magnetic post-magnetism; 3 fine particles for wet sorting; 4 for high-precision sorting with dry sorting; 5 for proper sorting particle size, as far as product particle size requirements are met, try to be coarser Perform iron removal work; 6 avoid secondary mixing of iron impurities. Magnetic separation process Wang Huiyun et al. conducted an exploratory magnetic separation test using the rare earth permanent magnet roller type strong magnetic separator, electromagnetic iron separator, SHP wet magnetic separator and wet cylinder magnetic separator. The results show that -44μm potassium The feldspar powder has a fine particle size, and it is difficult to obtain an ultrapure potassium feldspar concentrate having a Fe2O3 content of 0.1% or less or less using a general magnetic separator. The new high-efficiency feldspar iron removal magnetic separator is used to magnetically select Pingjiang-44μm feldspar powder, which can reduce the content of raw ore Fe2O3 from 0.17% to 0.03%, reaching the international leading level. Zhou Qizhen uses the new DLSD-15 ultra-fine high-gradient wet magnetic separator to remove iron. The iron removal rate is up to 81.51%, and the iron content in the concentrate is low, 0.05%, achieving a good iron removal effect. When the calcination temperature is 1200 ° C, the whiteness of the product after calcination is 23.4 before the iron removal. After the iron removal by the new DLSD series ultra-fine high gradient wet magnetic separator, the whiteness can be as low as 73.8. Up to 74.1, therefore, the whiteness of the product after iron removal is significantly increased, bringing more economic benefits to users. Flotation has carried out a large number of experimental studies on feldspar flotation at home and abroad, mainly focusing on the mechanism of separation and recovery of feldspar from anion collector , cationic collector and active agent. Separation of feldspar and mica Mica is easily floated under rough conditions, and mica is usually removed by reverse flotation. On the one hand, it is to reduce the loss of feldspar in the mica flotation; on the other hand, the mica grinding is too thin and consumes a lot of expensive chemicals. Mica can be floated either in the acid circuit or in the alkaline circuit, most of which use acidic flotation. The natural floatability of mica makes it easy to recover by flotation with an amine cation collector. The flotation slurry is adjusted to a pH of ≈3 with sulfuric acid, and the collector of the flotation mica is dodecylamine. Feldspar and quartz separation The flotation method is the main method for separating quartz and feldspar. It has experienced several development stages of the traditional hydrofluoric acid method (also known as fluorine acid method), fluorine-free acid method and fluorine-free acid-free method. Currently, quartz - feldspar separation techniques are basically three: Floating feldspar acidic, neutral and basic method feldspar floating pumice EF. Among them, the most mature and widely used is the acid floating feldspar method, but this process requires strong acidic medium conditions, resulting in serious equipment corrosion. Therefore, the neutral feldspar method and several other methods have good application prospects, representing the development direction of the quartz-feldspar flotation separation process, although these methods are not mature enough at present, and most of them are limited to laboratory research. It is used less in industrial production, but these methods are worthy of further exploration and improvement in order to achieve industrial applications at an early date. Separation of feldspar from iron-bearing minerals In general, iron in feldspar minerals mainly occurs in mica, pyrite, a small amount of red limonite and iron-containing alkali metal silicates (such as garnet , tourmaline and amphibole). usually, Under acidic conditions with a pH of 2.5 to 3.5, mica can be floated with an amine cation collector; Under the acidic condition of pH 5-6, the xanthate collector can be used to float out sulfide minerals such as pyrite; The iron-containing silicate can be floated with a sulfonate collector under acidic conditions of pH 3-4. Magnetic-floating combined process Some high-speed irons are difficult to select feldspar mines, not only high in iron, but also some of the iron minerals are infiltrated in the feldspar cleavage form by iron dyeing. For these minerals, if a single sorting process is used A joint process can be used when the concentrate requirements are not met. A: Xu Longhua and others used a "magnetic separation-flotation" combined process for a low-grade feldspar in Sichuan to obtain qualified potassium-sodium feldspar concentrate, and comprehensive recovery of quartz. B: Pang Yurong et al. used a combination process of “reverse flotation-strong magnetic separation†to obtain a K-feldspar concentrate with a K2O+Na2O content of 13.92% and a Fe2O3 content of 0.2%. C: Li Xiaoyan and others used the "magnetic separation-de-sludge-flotation" combined process to reduce the iron in feldspar to 0.051%, the titanium dioxide to 0.018%, the calcium oxide to 0.05%, and the potassium oxide to 13.39%. The yield reached 87%. Other beneficiation process acid leaching Acid leaching is an effective method for removing feldspar impurities. It is often used to treat impurities containing very fine intercalated structures in feldspar. The use of larger sulfuric acid concentration, higher acid leaching temperature and longer acid leaching time, better iron removal effect, are better than the physical iron removal method of shaker re-election and wet magnetic separation. However, the acid leaching process has environmental problems and is generally not used in feldspar processing. Bioleaching This method is mainly used to remove iron-containing minerals in extremely fine stone particles. Iron can be used as an electron carrier and energy source for certain microorganisms. When it reacts with microorganisms, it undergoes oxidation and reduction reactions and becomes an ionic state that can be dissolved. The organic acid produced in this process also dissolves the impurity minerals, and then it can be washed by water. Impurity minerals are removed. Bioleaching has the advantages of simple operation and low environmental pollution. Foreign scholars have used it together with other methods to obtain high-purity feldspar concentrates with less than 0.02% iron. There are few studies in this area in China. Conclusion With the reduction of high-quality feldspar resources, low-grade feldspar has become the main resource for the processing of feldspar mines. In addition, the downstream enterprises have higher and higher requirements for the grade of feldspar concentrates, which is bound to be proposed for the processing of feldspar mines. With higher requirements, a single beneficiation and purification process can no longer meet the needs of the market. The combination of various sorting operations, such as deliming, magnetic separation, flotation, etc., will become the main route for the processing of feldspar. With the improvement of the national environmental protection policy, the “fluorine-free and acid-free†feldspar-quartz separation technology represents the development direction of the flotation process. 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